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Understanding the options when a tooth has a significant problem

If a tooth is badly damaged, inflamed or infected, you may find yourself considering two very different options:

Try to retain the tooth with root canal treatment – or remove it.

It is understandable to want someone to tell you which is “better”.

But that isn’t really the right question.

The better question is:

What are the reasonable options for this particular tooth, and what would each option mean for me?

Where a tooth is suitable for root canal treatment and can be appropriately restored afterwards, treatment may provide an opportunity to retain your natural tooth.

There are also situations where attempting to retain a tooth isn’t considered appropriate and extraction may be recommended.

The decision needs to be made after the tooth has been assessed.

Why might root canal treatment be an option?

Root canal treatment treats the inside of the tooth when the dental pulp has become inflamed, infected or damaged.

The affected tissue is removed and the root canal system is cleaned, shaped, filled and sealed.

The NHS explains that root canal treatment is used to treat infection inside a tooth and may avoid the need to remove it.

But the fact that root canal treatment is technically possible doesn’t automatically mean it is appropriate.

The rest of the tooth matters too.

Is the tooth restorable?

This is one of the most important questions.

There needs to be enough appropriate tooth structure remaining for the tooth to be restored and function afterwards.

Your dentist or endodontist may therefore consider:

  • how much healthy tooth remains
  • existing fillings or crowns
  • decay
  • cracks or fractures
  • the condition of the roots
  • the tissues supporting the tooth
  • how the tooth fits into your bite
  • what restoration would be required after root canal treatment

Root canal treatment addresses the root canal system.

It cannot make an otherwise unrestorable tooth restorable.

When might extraction be considered?

Extraction may be discussed where retaining the tooth isn’t considered appropriate or where the patient chooses removal after understanding the alternatives.

Reasons vary considerably.

For example, there may be:

  • insufficient tooth structure to restore the tooth
  • a significant crack or fracture
  • problems affecting the supporting tissues
  • previous treatment that limits further options
  • other clinical factors affecting the tooth’s outlook

Your clinician should explain the reason in relation to your tooth, rather than simply telling you that extraction is necessary without explanation.

Isn’t keeping a natural tooth always better?

Retaining natural teeth where appropriate is an important goal of dentistry.

But “natural tooth at any cost” isn’t a sensible rule.

Sometimes the amount or complexity of treatment required, the condition of the tooth or its ability to be restored means that trying to retain it may not be appropriate.

Equally, removing a tooth simply because extraction appears quicker doesn’t take account of what happens afterwards.

The decision needs to consider the whole picture.

What happens if I have the tooth removed?

Once a tooth is extracted, the next question is:

What happens to the space?

Depending on the tooth and your circumstances, options may include:

  • accepting the space
  • replacing it with a bridge
  • replacing it with a denture
  • considering a dental implant

Not every missing tooth needs to be replaced, and not every replacement option is suitable for every person.

But if replacement is likely, it should form part of the original decision.

Comparing:

“root canal treatment versus extraction”

without considering:

“extraction plus what happens afterwards”

can give you an incomplete picture.

Is extraction cheaper than root canal treatment?

The immediate cost of an extraction may be lower than root canal treatment in some circumstances.

But the meaningful comparison is not necessarily just the price of those two procedures.

If you plan to replace the tooth afterwards, you also need to understand the potential cost and treatment involved in that.

Ask for the whole treatment pathway to be explained.

At Evolve, specialist endodontic fees will depend on the tooth and treatment required.

If treatment is recommended, the relevant fees will be explained before you decide whether to proceed.

Which treatment takes longer?

Again, compare the complete pathways.

Root canal treatment may require more than one appointment and the tooth may subsequently need a restoration.

Extraction involves removing the tooth, but replacing it may require further appointments and treatment.

Your dentist can explain the likely pathway for the options available to you.

What if I’m frightened of root canal treatment?

Fear is real, but it shouldn’t have to make the decision for you.

If your preference for extraction is largely because you’ve heard that root canal treatment is extremely painful, find out what treatment actually involves before deciding.

Root canal treatment is normally carried out using local anaesthetic.

Read: Does root canal treatment hurt?

You may still decide that extraction is right for you.

The important thing is that your choice is based on accurate information rather than somebody else’s frightening story.

What if the root canal has already been done once?

This changes the question.

If a previously root-treated tooth develops a problem, possible options may include:

  • monitoring in selected circumstances
  • root canal retreatment
  • apical microsurgery
  • another restorative approach
  • extraction

Which of these is appropriate depends on the cause of the problem and the condition of the tooth.

Read: My root canal hasn’t worked – can my tooth still be treated?

Would seeing an endodontist help me decide?

It can be useful where specialist endodontic assessment is appropriate.

At Evolve, Dr Alex Brett, Specialist Endodontist, GDC no. 244328, can assess whether endodontic treatment is a reasonable option and explain relevant limitations and alternatives.

That does not mean he will always recommend root canal treatment.

Sometimes a valuable specialist opinion is that further endodontic treatment isn’t appropriate.

You can be referred by your dentist or self-refer directly to Evolve.

Questions to ask before deciding

Rather than asking only:

“Which would you choose?”

try asking:

About the tooth

  • Is this tooth restorable?
  • Is there evidence of a crack or fracture?
  • What is the condition of the tissues around it?
  • Are there factors making treatment more complex?

About root canal treatment

  • What would treatment involve?
  • Would I need specialist treatment?
  • What restoration would I need afterwards?
  • What are the important limitations in my case?

About extraction

  • What would happen if the tooth were removed?
  • Would you recommend replacing it?
  • What replacement options might be appropriate?
  • What would those involve?

About doing nothing

  • What is likely to happen if I don’t choose either treatment at the moment?

Understanding all four areas gives you a much better basis for deciding.

Myth versus reality

Myth: Root canal treatment is always better because it keeps the tooth

Reality: Retaining a natural tooth can be desirable, but root canal treatment isn’t appropriate for every tooth.

Myth: Extraction is the easy option

Reality: The extraction itself may be relatively straightforward, but you also need to consider the effect of losing the tooth and whether replacement is appropriate.

Myth: An endodontist will always recommend a root canal

Reality: Specialist assessment may establish that treatment is inappropriate or that another option should be considered.

Key takeaways

  • There isn’t a universal winner between root canal treatment and extraction.
  • The tooth must be assessed for restorability as well as its endodontic problem.
  • Consider what happens after extraction, not just the extraction itself.
  • Consider the restoration required after root canal treatment.
  • Fear shouldn’t be the only factor driving the decision.
  • A specialist opinion does not automatically mean specialist treatment will be recommended.

Want help understanding your options?

If you’re unsure whether further endodontic treatment is appropriate, you can arrange an assessment with Dr Alex Brett, Specialist Endodontist.

Self-referrals and dentist referrals welcome.

Speak to our team about an endodontic assessment

Or download:

Your guide to root canal treatment – what it means, what to expect and understanding your options

Root Canal Guide

Exploring your options for saving a tooth?

Root Canal Treatment

Deciding between root canal treatment and extraction isn’t always straightforward. The most appropriate option depends on the condition of your tooth, whether it can be restored and your individual circumstances.

At Evolve Dentistry in Portishead, we offer root canal treatment and specialist endodontic care with Dr Alex Brett. Our aim is to help you understand your options so you can make an informed decision about your dental care.

You can contact us directly for a specialist endodontic assessment, even if you usually attend another dental practice.

Helping you make the right decision for your tooth

When a tooth is badly damaged or infected, deciding whether to save it or have it removed can feel overwhelming.

At Evolve Dentistry, our Specialist Endodontist, Alex Brett, focuses on preserving natural teeth wherever possible.

Through a detailed assessment, which may include advanced imaging where clinically appropriate, Alex can evaluate the condition of your tooth and explain whether root canal treatment may be a suitable option.

Not every tooth can be saved, but understanding your options can help you make an informed decision about your dental health.

⁠Find out more about root canal treatment at Evolve Dentistry

For independent patient information, see the  ⁠NHS guide to root canal treatment.

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